Knowing the functional groups will make it much easier to put the atoms in the right places.Ĥ) Draw the carbon chain in a zig-zag form. These are the only ways to have the correct number of bonds and lone pairs for the atoms in red boxes. We can identify the following sections with incorrect valency of elements:ģ) Rearrange the atoms such that they have the correct number of bonds: (It will be very beneficial to learn the functional groups at this point) We will fix them in the next step.įollow the table for standard valencies on the bottom-left to identify the wrong connections: Note that some connections may be wrong at this point. It does not have to be in a particular order or follow the IUPAC rules.Ģ) Simply connect all the atoms from left to right. Note: Numbering atoms will help you immensely in doing any transformation in Organic Chemistry. There is no formula or best approach for doing this, but we will follow the following strategy that will eliminate any possibility of making a mistake when converting to a bond-line structure.ġ) Number all the atoms (except for H’s). Now, let’s say you need to convert the following condensed structure into a bond-line structure: All the heteroatoms (any atoms except Carbon) are shown and the hydrogens on these heteroatoms are shown as well.Ĭonverting a Condensed Structure to a Bond-line So, essentially in bond-line structures, we don’t show the hydrogens and carbons. To interpret a bond-line structure, assume that:ġ) There is a carbon at each junction (corner) and periphery.Ģ) Each carbon has enough hydrogens to have 4 bonds (unless there is a formal charge) Let’s first quickly summarize what Bond-Line (Zig-zag) structures are: This is why it is essential to be able to convert Lewis and condensed structures to bond-line representation. The main way of representing organic molecules are the Bond-Line (Zig-zag) structures. One of the fundamental differences of Organic Chemistry from General Chemistry is the need for having a much better visualization and understanding of the molecular structures.
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